How e-bike pedal assist works: speed and torque sensors

Most city dwellers can attest to the fact that e-bikes are easier to use, more efficient and more fun for riders of all experience levels, thanks to pedal assist systems with stride and torque sensors. Pedal Assist Systems (PAS) provide additional power to the rider and are a distinguishing feature that sets e-bikes apart from conventional bikes.

The use of sensors allows for the perfect combination of human power and electric assistance, whether you choose an e-bike with throttle and pedal assist options or one that relies on pedal assist. In this article, we will discuss the role of step sensors and torque sensors on e-bikes and which is the more appropriate choice between step sensors and torque sensors.

Pedal Assist (Pas) and Throttle

The Pedal Assist System is one of the main features of the Green Pedel e-bike that makes pedalling easier and more comfortable. Pedal Assist Systems (PAS) provide assistance based on the rider's pedal inputs. These systems adjust the power output of the motor based on your pedalling cadence, force or both.

By subtly enhancing the rider's effort, PAS attempts to mimic the feel of traditional riding. By engaging the motor smoothly and proportionately with the rider's pedalling, a more natural riding experience can be provided. Of course, not all riding needs to be done at top speed. Therefore, this feature allows you to select the desired level of pedal assist, from 0 (no assist) to 5 (maximum assist), often with various settings or modes depending on your riding experience.

A throttle valve mounted on the handlebar activates (and occasionally modifies) the power output of the motor. Since the throttle directs the motor to release power without the need for pedal movement or user input, e-bikes with throttles can be driven independently. Using this motor control technology, the rider does not need to pedal to start the motor. When you open the throttle and start the engine, the e-bike moves forward.

The throttle provides a control system that is simple to operate. Outdoor sportsmen who like to climb steep hills or start from a standstill will choose a bike with this feature because of its ability to accelerate quickly. In addition, people with physical limitations, mobility problems or those who do not want to pedal too far will also find it helpful. They offer an alternative for those who find it challenging to maintain a steady pedalling action.

What is the purpose of a cadence sensor on an e-bike?

Cyclists who want to get the most out of their workouts can opt for an e-bike with a cadence sensor, as it can measure whether you are pedalling or not. With these tools, cyclists can measure their energy output in revolutions per minute (RPM). The cadence  sensor consists of three compact, easy-to-install gadgets. One is an electronic pod mounted on the bike frame. Spoke magnets and step frequency magnets are located on either side. The pod has two magnet sensors that record both stride frequency and speed.

When riding on or off-road, your overall speed is affected by your choice of gear and your stamina (heart rate), which determines how fast or slow the gears turn. Using a sensor to measure stride frequency is vital for cyclists who see riding as a simple hobby. Here is a more detailed explanation of how the stride frequency sensor works:

1. the stride frequency sensor captures the rotation of the pedals as you ride. It gives you real-time feedback on your pedalling speed by counting the number of pedal rotations per minute.

2. After the cadence sensor determines the pedalling speed, the motor controller controls the motor's electric boost.

3. The motor controller modifies the power output of the motor based on the information obtained from the cadence sensor. The motor controller maintains the electric power assist.

What is the role of torque sensors in e-bikes ?

With innovations in e-bikes changing by the day, even seasoned riders need to know more about features like throttle and sensors on e-bikes and how they work. E-bikes with throttle and pedal assist features like the Green Pedel electric mountain bike are usually equipped with a torque sensor. It's vital to adjust the output of the electric motor based on the rider's input. While they provide convenience and control, it is critical to consider and comply with local laws governing e-bikes with throttle and pedal assist features in your area.

One of the most significant advantages of the torque sensor is its ability to transmit power instantly. This allows more riders to operate the motor without pedalling, simply by twisting, pushing the lever or pressing a button. This is a very convenient feature, especially when starting from a stop, tackling a steep hill or accelerating rapidly in traffic. Below is a more detailed explanation of how the torque transducer works:

1. the torque sensor is responsible for switching on the electric motor without pressing the pedal.

2. it detects the position or movement of the throttle control, which can be a twist grip, a thumb lever or a button. When the rider depresses the throttle, the sensor sends a signal to the motor controller to start the motor.

3. Unlike a pedal assist system (PAS), which requires a pedal input to activate the motor, a throttle sensor allows the rider to obtain motor power without pedalling. As a result, e-bikes with throttle and pedal assist options are ideal for people with limited mobility, physical limitations, or those who choose not to pedal.

What level of pedal assist should you use when riding an e-bike ?

If you're considering buying an e-bike, one of the first factors to bear in mind is what you're cycling for, as this can determine how much pedal assist you need to use. So let's take a look at the different levels of pedal assist, how they work and which level is best for your next ride.

There are many benefits to owning a Green Pedel electric bike, and choosing one with the right motor power makes a big difference. It can determine how much assistance you need when climbing hills and crossing obstacles, as well as your overall experience of riding an e-bike.

But the question is, how do these pedal assist levels work? Which pedal assist level should you choose: the lowest option or the highest option on your e-bike?

Levels of using pedal assist

If you are new to riding an e-bike and have little expertise in e-biking, it is recommended that you use level 1 pedal assist. It will not provide energy assistance when coasting or braking, as the motor only kicks in when you pedal. In addition, it is a wise choice for those who feel uneasy about riding fast and going uphill. If you live in a mountainous area, a motor that kicks in when necessary can also help you climb hills and maintain speed. Keep in mind, however, that on steep slopes the output of the motor may not be able to propel you back up to speed once it naturally slows down; most mid-drive motors have a throttling mode that compensates for the loss of power.

If you have years of experience riding an e-bike, then you can choose pedal assist for any length of time. Most experienced riders prefer 5 levels of assistance, especially when going uphill, as the level of assistance tells you how much power the battery or motor is putting out. You can use either level 3 or 4 depending on the grade.

Adjustment considerations

Every rider can choose how to adjust the pedal assist on their e-bike. Below are some important precautions and safety procedures when adjusting:

Adjusting Pedal Assist Levels for Riding Terrain

On rough hills or difficult terrain, increasing the assist may help simplify pedal pedalling. On the other hand, to conserve battery life and for better control on flat terrain or downhill, you can reduce the level of assist or turn it off.

Adjust the pedal assist to your fitness level and desired workout

The pedal assist can also be adjusted to suit your fitness and workout goals. If you want a more strenuous workout, lowering the assist level or turning off the assist altogether may place a greater burden on your body and give your muscles a positive workout. If you want a more leisurely ride, a higher assist level may give you a comfortable and smooth experience.

Always follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines

When modifying your e-bike pedal assist, follow Green Pedel's guidelines to the letter. As each e-bike may have unique recommended settings and limitations, it is vital that the manufacturer's recommendations are strictly adhered to for optimum performance and safety.

Conclusion

E-bikes are often equipped with pedal assist systems that provide additional power to the rider while still allowing them to experience the thrill of pedalling. These systems ensure that the motor assist is synchronised with the rider's pedalling effort through the use of step rate or torque sensors. Throttle mode can be used to activate motor power without the need to pedal, providing fast acceleration and precise control. When adjusting pedal assist, it is important to consider terrain, desired workout intensity, battery life and personal comfort. Through understanding and safe use, riders can have a safe, unique and fun e-bike experience.